![]() ![]() The numerous associations between conditions and both blood type and COVID-19 provide reason to believe that true associations may exist between blood type and morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. For example, coagulopathy is a common issue for COVID-19 patients 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, and risk of venous thromboembolism must be carefully managed 42. These conditions are also relevant for COVID-19. A 2012 meta-analysis found that, in addition to individual variants, a non-O blood type is among the most important genetic risk factors for venous thromboembolism 34. For example, genome-wide association studies have associated variants within ABO to activity of the angiotensin converting enzyme 7, red blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit 8, 9, 10, 11, von Willebrand factor 12, 13, 14, 15, myocardial infarction 16, 17, coronary artery disease 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, ischemic stroke 13, 19, 22, type 2 diabetes 23, 24, 25, and venous thromboembolism 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33. This gene is associated with a number of other traits, including risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The ABO blood type trait reflects polymorphisms within the ABO gene. Conversely, however, they estimated lower odds of mechanical ventilation for all non-O types, though the estimated odds ratios were not statistically significant at the 5% level for this outcome. found 6 a higher risk of COVID-19 among A and a lower risk among O blood types. Similarly, using a meta-analysis of data from Italy and Spain, Ellinghaus et al. ![]() found a greater proportion of A and a lower proportion of O blood types among COVID-19 patients, relative to the general populations of Wuhan and Shenzhen 5. Using data from Wuhan and Shenzhen, Zhao et al. Recent work has demonstrated an association between ABO blood types and COVID-19 risk. A number of risk factors for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality are known, including age, sex, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases 3, 4. As of August 22, New York City has recorded 228,144 confirmed infections and 19,014 deaths 2. Within the United States, New York suffered among the worst outbreaks during the early phases of the pandemic. The researchers used blood group A as a reference for how likely people were to catch the coronavirus.The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) has spread rapidly across the globe and has caused over 21.1 million confirmed infections and over 761,000 deaths worldwide as of Aug1. The list below shows the percentage of donors with each blood type:ĭata from NHS Blood and Transplant, accurate at December 2018. There are eight main blood types but some are rarer than others. If there's no reaction, donor blood with the same ABO and RhD type can be used. If you have a blood transfusion - where blood is taken from one person and given to another – your blood will be tested against a sample of donor cells that contain ABO and RhD antigens. If the blood does not react to any of the anti-A or anti-B antibodies, it's blood group O.Ī series of tests with different types of antibody can be used to identify your blood group. If, for example, the solution contains anti-B antibodies and you have B antigens on your cells (you're blood group B), it will clump together. To work out your blood group, your red cells are mixed with different antibody solutions. Your blood group is identified by antibodies and antigens in the blood. This is so your blood can be matched to someone with the same blood should they need it.īlood is made up of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma. ![]() Your blood group will be checked if you give blood through NHS Blood and Transplant, and it will be recorded on your official donor card. You can find out your blood group if donate blood, which only one in 25 people do, according to the NHS. Sometimes a healthcare professional will check your blood type for medical reasons or if you need a blood transfusion. GPs do not routinely do tests for people's blood groups. ![]()
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